Overexposure to the sun, climate conditions, health & habits affect our overall skin. But the exposed part of the skin is our face, where these external effects leave their signs in the form of Pigmentation, Wrinkles, Fine lines, Sensitiveness, Dark spots & patches & Sagging skin or signs of Ageing.

As skin ages, there is a decline in physiologic function. These changes are induced by intrinsic (chronologic) and extrinsic (predominately UV-induced) factors. (Baron, 2018) One of the most visible signs of skin ageing is skin wrinkling, which results from decreased levels of collagen and accelerated collagen breakdown.

Calendula flower extract (Calendula officinalis) is used in soothing cosmetics, such as after-sun, sensitive skin and eye contour products. (Diva Silva 1, 2021)

It is a popular species in the cosmetics industry due to its scientifically proven anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and skin damage granulation-accelerating properties. (Agnieszka Szopa*, 2019)Calendula is present mainly in cosmetics with soothing, softening and regenerating effects.

In vitro studies on skin cells with induced oxidative stress have proven that ethanol extracts from C. officinalis flowers have a strong antioxidant effect and protect cells from the damaging effects of UV radiation.  (Xuan, 2016.) Other studies have shown that C. officinalis flower extract stimulates skin cell regeneration, improves elasticity, and induces increased skin hydration because of lower TEWL (trans epidermal water loss) (M Buzzi 1, 2016 )

Calendula oil has been proven that it has a stronger inhibitory effect on pathogenic fungal strains and a stronger antioxidant activity.

Nowadays, herbal extracts are used in cosmetic preparations to augment beauty and attractiveness. Among the natural active ingredients used in skin care preparations, there is also pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) The raw material is rich in essential oils, flavonoids, triterpene alcohols, phenolic acids, saponins, carotenoids, and sterols which have moisturising and anti-inflammatory effects and are suitable for dry, irritated & sensitive skin. The topical application accelerates wound healing and epidermal reconstruction. (Joanna Kondziołka, 2022)

Research conducted by Patrick et al. in 1996 proved that the flavonoids in the extract stimulate the process of hyaluronan deposition and accelerate the formation of blood vessels, which would confirm the theory of its effect on wound healing. (K.F.M. Patrick 1 *, 1996,)

Acne is a chronic disease of the pilosebaceous follicle that causes polymorph cutaneous lesions such as comedone, papules, cysts, pustules, and abscesses, which, after regression, may leave scars. (Ramos-e-Silva & Carneiro, 2009) Acne can present at any age, from neonates to mature adults, but is most prevalent and severe during adolescence, reaching a peak at the age of 14-17 years in females and 16-19 years in males.

Calendula flowers are part of the herb used medicinally (mainly because of its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties) either in infusions, tinctures, liquid extracts, creams or ointments, or in one of several skin and hair products. Several phytochemical studies have demonstrated the presence of many chemical compounds in flowers or other organs of marigolds, the main ones being terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, quinones, volatile oil, carotenoids and amino acids. (BP Muley, 2009 )

Marigold is considered a mainstay in alternative medicine for treating inflammation, speeding wound healing and as an antiseptic. In topical herbal forms and as a homoeopathic preparation, marigolds' anti-inflammatory (Pier Carlo Braga 1, 2009 ) and anti-bacterial (L Iauk 1, 2003 )properties may help treat dermatological conditions, including acne. (BP Muley, 2009 )

A recent study was conducted on flower extracts to determine the mechanism involved. C. officinalis also contains flavonoids, which accounts for its anti-inflammatory impact (Korengath Chandran Preethi 1, 2009 ). Different hydroalcoholic extracts of marigolds possess proven antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral properties.

An essential balance between the water content of the stratum corneum and skin surface lipids maintains the proper functioning and appearance of the skin. This balance is disrupted by exposure to external factors like air humidity, UV radiation, temperature and hormones. The dermis is largely made up of interwoven fibres, principally of collagen, packed in bundles. When the skin is stretched, collagen, with its high tensile strength, prevents tearing, and elastic fibres intermingled with the collagen return to their unstretched state. As the ageing process occurs, many changes are observed in our skin. More wrinkles and pigmentation are seen, less moisture and lipids, and the skin also becomes sagged because of the loss of its elasticity.  (NAVEED AKHTAR, 2010). These changes are induced by intrinsic (chronologic) and extrinsic (predominately UV-induced) factors. (Molly Campa, 2018). The evaluation of skin elasticity is very important because it is not as visible as other signs of ageing, such as wrinkles. The elastic fibres progressively disappear and lose their branched appearance with age. Skin mechanical parameters are very sensitive to epidermal hydration. These are influenced by the epidermal hydration produced by topical applications. (NAVEED AKHTAR, 2010). Botanicals are products derived from plants that offer photoprotection, decreased trans epidermal water loss (TEWL), increased skin elasticity, increased collagen formation, decreased facial pigmentation, or offer antioxidant effects on the skin.  (Molly Campa, 2018). Calendula officinalis can produce some beneficial effects on the skin.  The hydration effect is very important for normal cutaneous metabolism and may also prevent skin alteration and early ageing. Increasing Hydration can induce skin tightness, preventing skin damage and delaying ageing.  (NAVEED AKHTAR, 2010)

Skin inflammation takes place in response to damage to the normal skin barrier. (Tzu-Kai Lin 1, 2017)

Calendula officinalis L. (marigold) flower oil contains several bioactive compounds, including terpenoids and terpenes, carotenoids, flavonoids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (Diva Silva 1, 2021) help to maintain skin barrier function.

In cosmetic products, calendula is used in formulations for sensitive skin and soothing products among various presentations, including skin, eye, hair and bath products with recognised security for use in cosmetics. Several Calendula preparations are available for topical formulations directed towards wound healing and soothing inflamed and damaged skin, like extracts, tinctures, and oils. (Diva Silva 1, 2021)

The uppermost Stratum Corneum layer of the skin acts as a permeability and antimicrobial barrier. This antimicrobial barrier is attributed to the weak acidity of skin surface pH, free sphingoid bases generated from epidermal ceramides and antimicrobial peptides within the intercellular compartment.  The Hydration of this layer is also crucial for the integrity and the maintenance of the skin barrier homeostasis. Natural moisturising factor (NMF) components within the corneocytes contribute to the hydration of the uppermost layer.  (Tzu-Kai Lin 1, 2017)

The main chemical components of marigolds are steroids, terpenoids, free & esterified triterpene alcohol, phenolic acids, flavonoids and other compounds. (Molly Campa, 2018). These help to prevent skin damage by increasing hydration levels to protect TEWL. The hydration effect is very important for normal cutaneous metabolism and may also avoid alteration in the skin and early ageing.  (NAVEED AKHTAR, 2010)

The moisturising effects involve repairing the skin barrier, retaining/increasing water content, reducing TEWL, restoring the lipid barrier’s ability to attract, hold and redistribute water, and maintaining skin integrity and appearance. (Naveed Akhtar, 2011)

Calendula officinalis has been reported to stimulate physiological regeneration and epithelisation, which can reduce TEWL. (Naveed Akhtar, 2011)

Calendula oil with flavonoids, triterpene alcohols, phenolic acids, saponins, carotenoids, and sterols has moisturising and anti-inflammatory effects and healing properties. Calendula officinalis extract may aid wound healing by promoting epithelial growth and enhancing immune responses. (Jobey Waghmare, 2018)

Formulators have found innovative ways to use plant-derived ingredients in place of harsh, dangerous chemicals. Ingredients of chemical base shampoos have been proven to reduce the size of hair follicles, irritate and disrupt oil glands, and dry out the scalp, which ultimately can result in hair loss. Natural shampoos contain beneficial natural plant and herb extracts, which provide several favorable results for the hair and scalp.

The benefits of using natural shampoos are outlined below. 

• Promotes new hair growth by naturally stimulating the hair follicles.
• Infuses natural oils, minerals, and herbal extracts into hair follicles to maintain moisture and improve the overall condition.
• Because it contains all-natural ingredients, it is a nonallergenic product which makes it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and allergy-prone skin.
•  Natural shampoos feature a more natural and milder aroma. 
• Natural shampoos are environmentally friendly as they contain bio-degradable materials rather than harsh chemicals. (Ancy Thomas, 2017)

The flowers of Calendula officinalis are rich in minerals and antioxidants. Calendula oil to the scalp promotes more robust hair growth by increasing collagen production and circulation in hair follicles. Use calendula alone or in combination with another moisturiser. (Ancy Thomas, 2017) According to the Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science, 70% of ethanol extracts of C. Officinalis help to promote hair growth. (Jin, 2017)

You can use Calendula oil on your skin twice daily.

Whenever using any preparation of Marigold extracts or Oil, special care must be taken by people who are allergic to species from the family Asteraceae (Monica Corazza 1, 2014 ). The most common reaction is skin allergies (contact sensitisation), as reported by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA, Reider et al. 2001) and European Medicines Agency (EMA). (Agnieszka Szopa*, 2019)

Always do a patch test before application.

• Where Does Calendula Oil Come from?

Ans. This is a natural oil extracted from Calendula officinalis (Marigold). It is used for topical application for different types of skin conditions.

• How to use calendula oil on the face?

Due to shine and greasiness, many people avoid using oil on their faces, but many reports that it is perfectly safe for facial use because Calendula oil has been proven that it has a stronger inhibitory effect on pathogenic fungal strains and a stronger antioxidant activity and is also suitable for sensitive & ageing skin.

But do always patch test before using.

• How is calendula oil made?

Ans.Calendula oil is a super-effective topical oil; that has been infused with dry calendula flowers. It can be used alone as a luxurious massage oil.

The flowers are steeped in a carrier oil, such as olive or jojoba oil, for several weeks or longer. Whole dry flower heads or petals can be used, but they must be fully dry. While steeping, the natural active resins within the calendula flowers are extracted and drawn into the oil.

The finished calendula oil can be used on its own or as an ingredient to create other natural salves, ointments, or creams! The options for using calendula oil are somewhat dictated by the carrier oil you choose to make the infusion. For example, some oils are inedible, and others may need to be better for your skin.

• How to make calendula oil fast?

Ans. The second way, much quicker, is to place your jar of calendula and oil on the stovetop in a double boiler. To make a double boiler, fill a medium-sized pot 1/2 complete with water and place your glass jar with the oil and flowers. Next, heat on low for 4-6 hours.

• Is calendula oil safe during pregnancy?

Ans. Internal use of calendula is traditionally contraindicated during pregnancy due to its presumed uterine stimulant effects. No studies have evaluated its safety during pregnancy, lactation or childhood. (Kemper, 1999)

Several conditions that calendula is used to treat occur during pregnancy, but its use could harm the developing baby. It should be avoided until your baby is weaned.

• Is calendula oil safe for babies?

Ans. No studies have evaluated its safety during pregnancy, lactation or childhood. (Kemper, 1999)

Calendula extract-containing cream and gels treat nappy rash (diaper dermatitis) for babies or infants. (sarah E. Edwards, 2015)

• Diva Silva 1, M. S.-L. ( 2021, April 25). Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Calendula officinalis L. Flower https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8020031
• Tzu-Kai Lin 1, L. Z. ( 2017, December 27 ). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010070
• Agnieszka Szopa*, M. K.-S. (2019, 06. 13.). Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) – a position. doi:: 1 https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/bitstream/handle/item/257919/szopa_et-al_pot_marigold_calendula_officinalis_l0.24326/asphc.2020.3